Preliminary studies on food and feeding habits of Polypterus endlicheri and Polypterus senegalus in Lake Chad

The food and feeding habits of Polyprerus cncllicheri and Polypterus senegalus was carried out in the months of September to October. The food of 33 Polypierus endlicheri as observed include Tilapia species (89.3%), Eutropius niloticus (28.6%), Mayfly nymph (39.3%), Dragon fly larva (56.6%) fish remains (21.4%) and detritus (7.1%). The food of27 Polypterus senegalus as observed include Tilapia sp (88.4%), Eutropius niloticus (27.9%), may fly nymph (23.3%), Dragonfly nymph (34.9%) remains (21.1%) detritus (23.3%). (9 page document) The percentage occurrence of food item found in the stomach of Polypterus endlieheri is 93.3% while that of Polyprerus senegalus is 67.4%. The dominance of Tilapia sp was establish in the study, and there is no significant difference between the feeding habit of Polypterus endlicheri and Polyprerus senegalus

Using mineral magnetics and petroleum systems modelling to calibrate hydrocarbon migration: a case study from the UK Central North Sea

Through detailed magnetic and petroleum systems analysis, I have identified a relationship between hydrocarbon migration and reservoir magnetic signatures in Paleogene petroleum fields of the UK North Sea. Hydrocarbons in these fields generally diminished the in-reservoir ferromagnetic signature via the destruction of iron (titano)-oxides, and selectively enhanced their paramagnetic content. The enhancement is due to the formation of siderite and minor hexagonal pyrrhotite, pyrite, lepidocrocite and/or vivianite. The precipitation of hexagonal pyrrhotite and lepidocrocite is centred around the oil water transition zone (OWTZ). Lepidocrocite and greigite are also precipitated within the interbedded shales. Siderite is heterogeneously precipitated within some of the hydrocarbon reservoir sandstones and the contacting shales. The precipitation of siderite in these reservoirs is mainly related to hydrocarbon migration direction. Petroleum systems modelling revealed that the reservoirs with anomalously high concentrations of siderite experienced significant vertical migration of hydrocarbons during filling. This is related to the increasing availability of bicarbonate ions and Fe2+ during vertical migration unlike lateral migration. In-reservoir biodegradation of hydrocarbons via methanogenesis also contributed to the precipitation of siderite. Biodegradation and hydrolysis of hydrocarbon is also related to the precipitation of hexagonal pyrrhotite and lepidocrocite respectively. The relationship between these in-reservoir processes and mineral magnetism suggests an application of magnetic proxies to petroleum system analysis. Magnetic susceptibility measurement can be applied to the determination of the OWTZ and hydrocarbon migration direction. Petroleum systems modelling provided an understanding of the migration history of the complex CAD region, West Central Shelf. It revealed that hydrocarbon was sourced via long distance migration from the deeper graben area. The CAD reservoirs were charged at ~ 10 Ma through a fill-spill process. The system was generally seal limited leading to significant hydrocarbon loss via leaks. Present day, the CAD region is spill limited with prospects further west of the systemOpen Acces

Comparison of Functional Outcomes in Terms Of Post-Operative Mobility for Unipolar Versus Bipolar Un-Cemented Hemiarthroplasty in Elderly Patients with Displaced Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fractures

Objective: To compare of functional outcomes in terms of post-operative mobility for unipolar versus bipolar un-cemented hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures. Methodology: Our study design is Randomized Control Trialconducted inDepartment of Orthopedics Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. April 2015 to October 2016.Sample size is (calculated by taking n6 =138, confidence interval 95, power of study 80, P1= 33%, P2=13%) 69 in each group. Sampling technique used was non probability consecutive sampling. All patients who meet the inclusion criteria presenting to orthopedic unit of Nishtar Hospital Multan with fracture neck of femur were selected for study. Patients were divided into two groups randomly by lottery method and enrolled for unipolar or bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Chi-square test was used to compare outcome variable in both groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Effect modifiers like age and sex was controlled by stratification. Chi square test was applied to see significant difference. Results: Overall, there were 100% (n=138) patients in this study, both genders. The mean age of the patients was 66.35±4.29 years. (Range: 60 to 80years) Mean age and SD of group A (no walking aid) was 54.52 ± 3.10 and in group B (walking aid) 54.99 ± 3.19. Time up go score was noted as successful 33.3% (n=46) and 66.7% (n=92) as unsuccessful. Walking aid was noted in 65.2% (n=90) patients. Functional outcome was noted as good in 26.8% (n=37) patients and noted as bad in 73.2% (n=101) patients. Out of 100% (n=38) patients, good outcome was 26.3% (n=10) unipolar and 73.7% (n=28) bipolar. Out of 100% (n=100) Bad outcome was 59% unipolar and bipolar 41%. Conclusion: Functional outcome in term of mobility is better in case of bipolar prosthesis as compared to unipolar. Thus in our conclusion bipolar prosthesis is preferred procedure as compared to unipolar hemiarthroplasty in treating patients with displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture. Keywords:Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty, Unipolar Hemiarthroplasty, Displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures

Comparison of Absorbable with non Absorbable sutures in closure of Laparotomy incisions

Objective: To compare the absorbable with non absorbable sutures in wound dehiscence after closure of Laparotomy incisions. Methodology: This randomized control trial was conducted in the department of general surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur in seven months duration from June 2016 to January 2017. Data was entered in statistical software SPSS version 23 and analyzed for desired variable analysis. Mean and SD was calculated for numerical data like age and Body Mass Index,  and frequency percentages were calculated categorical data like gender, Anemia etc. Chi square test was applied for effect modification or association of outcome variables with effect modifiers. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In this study, a total number of 100% (n=130) patients were included, divided into two equal groups, 65 in each i.e. group Prolene and group Vicryl. In our study, wound dehiscence occurred in 6.2% (n=4) cases in whom Prolene was used whereas 21.5% (n=14) had wound dehiscence with the use of Vicryl suture. Vicryl was followed by significantly higher incidence of wound dehiscence than closure by Prolene (χ2= 6.448 DF = 1, P value=0.011). Conclusion: Observation of our study concluded that non absorbable Prolene has better outcome and less wound dehiscence and other complication as compared to absorbable Vicryl suture. Keywords: Absorbable suture, non absorbable suture, wound dehiscence, laparotomy

An optimized attack tree model for security test case planning and generation

Securing software assets via efficient test case management is an important task in order to realize business goals. Given the huge risks web applications face due to incessant cyberattacks, a proactive risk strategy such as threat modeling is adopted. It involves the use of attack trees for identifying software vulnerabilities at the earliest phase of software development which is critical to successfully protect these applications. Although, many researches have been dedicated to security testing with attack tree models, test case redundancy using this threat modeling technique has been a major issue faced leading to poor test coverage and expensive security testing exercises. This paper presents an attack tree modeling algorithm for deriving a minimal set of effective attack vectors required to test a web application for SQL injection vulnerabilities. By leveraging on the optimized attack tree algorithm used in this research work, the threat model produces efficient test plans from which adequate test cases are derived to ensure a secured web application is designed, implemented and deployed. The experimental result shows an average optimization rate of 41.67% from which 7 test plans and 13 security test cases were designed to mitigate all SQL injection vulnerabilities in the web application under test. A 100% security risk intervention of the web application was achieved with respect to preventing SQL injection attacks after applying all security recommendations from test case execution report

Geotechnical Properties for Soil Alghlabia Area in Diyala Governorate /North Baghdad/ Iraq

يهدف البحث الى ايجاد الخواص الجيوتكنيكية لتربة منطقة الغالبية المجاورة لهبهب التابعة لقضاء الخالص في محافظة ديالى - شمال شرق العراق، 17كم عن المنطقة، 46 كم عن مركز بغداد ، جمعت (5) نماذج ولخمسة مواقع في المنطقة . تبين الخواص الفيزيائية ان انواع الترب هي CL-ML,CL، طبقا لتصنيف المواصفات الامريكية ، وقيم الفعالية اعتيادية ، واعتمادا على L.L.وP.I. ومرتسم اللدونة انواعها ML،ML, CL-ML، ML، CL-MLعلى التوالي , بينما قيم الوزن النوعي متقاربة كون الترسبات مصادرها متشابهة, وتختلف قيم المسامية ونسبة الفراغات لثلاث مواقع ، تتقارب قيم الكثافة الجافة مع القيم القياسية . نتائج الخواص الميكانيكية ، قيم القص المباشر C و Ø ضمن الحدود الطبيعية للأطيان ، بينما قيم الانضمام  اعتيادية ،وكذلك Pc، Cc، Sc ، ثم O.C.R. اكبر من 1 والتي تؤشر الانضمام المفرط ، وقيم التحاليل الكيميائية ، تجاوزت 0.5% T.D.S.، واقل من0.5% للجبسم والمواد العضوية، بينت نتائج pH ان التربة قاعدية ، طبقا للمواصفات، فهي ملائمة لمختلف المنشآت الهندسية .   The research aims, to find out the geotechnical properties for soil Alghlabia area, locate within the near (HibHib) in Khalis/Diyala, northeast of Iraq. Just (17) km from the district center, (46) km from the center of Baghdad, five samples were taken from five sites in the area. Physical properties show that the types of soils, (CL-ML, CL) according to the  classification. Activity of soil values normal, Liquid limit (L.L.) and plasticity index(P.I)and depending on plasticity chart the soils type respectively (ML, ML, CL-ML, ML, CL-ML), while the specific gravity (Gs) values converge, because  resources of same sediments,  porosity (n%) & voids ratio (e0) values for three site are different , dry density (ρd) values approximate for values set by Mechanical properties, direct shear test show that the values cohesion C & angle of internal frication (Ø) are with the natural range of known values of clay soils, while the consolidation test for sites shows that the normal values, Pre consolidation pressure (pc), compression index (cc) & swelling index (cr), then the values of Over Consolidation ratio (OCR) greater than 1, which indicate over consolidation soils. Chemical analysis .Total dissolve salts (T.D.S) for sites is higher exceeded 0.5%, Gypsum content less than 0.5%.Organic Matter content (O.M.C) less than (0.5%)& (pH) the result show that the soil is basic. According to standard, it was suitable, for different Engineering construction

Food rainbow to boost immunity in different age groups –review on nature’s perspective

Food is a blessing in simple terms it not only nourishes and gives vitality but also provide reservoir to keep the body functioning in pace. Food act as a diet and medicine depends on how one uses it sensibly and accurately. The food rainbow is rich in variety with respect to appearance, taste, chemical composition, nutritional value and medicinal properties. As immunity is the integral part of body and it can be well maintained if one is having a good portion utilized daily from the food rainbow. In natural medicine the kitchen spices has played a pivotal role in health and making food palatable. Natural sources like vegetables, fruits, meat, nuts, dairy, grains and etc., are enriched with this blessing to heal and boost immunity. Every cell functions when it has the proper nutrition and every single body is different from other then comes the age and gender differentiation. This difference of age and gender demands variety of meals incorporated in daily diet thus food rainbow utilization is the key to maintain proper functioning of body cells and also boosting immunity. Energy packed food rainbow has not only the physiological benefits it vitalizes the emotional and psychological health as well. Co-ordination in all processes is achieved while mantaininghealthy life style and nutrition. As we all are well aware about the significance of maintaining a proper diet regimen to obtain sound health and active lifestyle. This article will elaborate about the food rainbow which must be included in daily routine in different age groups and genders. The daily recommendation for certain nutrients is different with growing age and also at the time of advancement in age. From research perspective the recommendations can be followed and results can be recorded for further enhancement on immunity booster food. This could be done at level of educational institute with students and teachers to extend the analysis and educate people from early age to understand and alter their diet according to their age and gender and get most out of it.